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Research Interests

Research in my laboratory encompasses  several major areas: hepatotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, neurotoxicity, immunotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. However, special emphasis is placed upon: (i) Drug and chemical-induced mechanisms of cell injury and cell death in multiple vital target organs in vivo, (ii) Signaling mechanisms and molecular pathways of programmed (apoptotic) and unprogrammed (necrotic) cell death, and (iii) unraveling mechanisms and exploring antitoxic/anticarcinogenic potentials of phytochemicals (natural and man-made antioxidants). As a team, we try to dissect each and every project into smaller fragments and treat every fragment as a complex puzzle. In order to unravel mechanisms underlying each puzzle, we follow a multi-pronged approach. Specific assays include analysis of oxidative stress (production/detoxification routes of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species as well as biological reactive intermediates), DNA damage and repair pathways, cell cycle regulatory elements, intracellular redox states (antioxidants, glutathione, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase) and caspases. Prior to putting together the big-picture, we execute experiments at the organ level, cellular level, subcellular level (mitochondrial & nuclear), molecular level (microsomes, ribosomes and plasma membrane) and at the genomic level (gene expression). Finally, we try to compose each bit of the puzzle together. This strategy has consistently guided us in the right direction to understand how xenobiotics cause cellular toxicity and helped us design protocols to combat toxicity. Although we execute experiments in the close proximity of genomics, proteomics, and toxicogenomics areas, several ground breaking discoveries from our laboratory have made us a world leader in the field of mechanistic toxicology.

 


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1. Ray, S.D., D. Zinkovsky, E. Bulku and B.S. Patil. " Prevention of Drug-Induced Programmed and Unprogrammed Cell Death by Citrus Flavonoids."  Potential Health Benefits of Citrus . Eds. Bhimanagouda S. Patil, Nancy D. Turner, Edward G. Miller and Jennifer S. Brodbelt. Washington: American Chemical Society, 2006. Pp. 144-160 (ISBN13: 9780841239579/ ISBN10: 0841239576)

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2. Principal author of the Review Chapters "APOPTOSIS" in 'Encyclopedia of Toxicology', Ed. Philip Wexler, 2nd Eds, Vol-I, Pp. 153-178, Elsevier Science Publishing, 2005. Also the Principal author of the review article on "Dimethylnitrosamine".

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3. Principal author of "Apoptosis and Cell Death", Vol. I, Chapter-9, Pp. 175-213, in Bryan Ballantyne's 'General and Applied Toxicology'; McMillan Publishing, 1999. 

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bullet 4. Ray, S. D. et. al. Roles of Polyphenols, Flavonoids, and Oligomeric Proanthocyanidins in Cancer Chemoprevention. Eds. H. G. Preuss and D. Bagchi, CRC Press, Pp. 311-348, 2005. [Invited Review article: ISBN#08493-1560-3]
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bullet 5. Ray, S.D. and Corcoran, G.B. Damage to the nucleus and acute cell death produced by alkylating hepatotoxins. In “Molecular Theories of Cell Life and Death”, S.Ji. Ed., Rutgers Univ. Press, NJ. Chapter -10, Pp. 384 - 400, 1991.

(Citation for the following data obtained through Scopus & Google Scholar)

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Ray, S. Synergy of Pancratistatin and Tamoxifen in inducing apoptosis in breast cancer cells. Cancer Biology & Therapy, Volume: 7 | Issue: 3, 2008 (Invited Commentary).

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6. Ray, S.D., Parmar, M., Rathod, J., Ismail, S., Zinkovsky, D., Bulku, E., Gigliotti, J., Hackman, R. M. and Stohs, S. J. Long Term Exposure Effect of a Unique Metabolic Nutrition System Containing a Diverse Group Of Phytochemicals on Serum Chemistry and Genomic and Non-Genomic Changes in the Liver of Female B6C3F1 MicePhytotherapy Research 22(4): 458-471, 2008.

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7. Ray S. D., N. Patel, A. Nagori, A. Naqvi and S. Stohs. Four week exposure to a novel nutritional mixture containing a series of polyphenolic phytochemicals antagonizes acetaminophen-induced programmed and unprogrammed cell death in the liver in vivo. Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry. 293(1-2):119-36, 2006. (Times cited-5)

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8. Ray, S., Phadke S, Patel C, Hackman RM, Stohs S. Short-term and long-term in vivo exposure to an ephedra- and caffeine-containing metabolic nutrition system does not induce cardiotoxicity in B6C3F1 mice. Arch Toxicol. 79(6): 330-340, 2005.(Times cited-8)

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9. Ray, S.D., Parikh, H. and Bagchi, D. Long-Term grape seed proanthocyanidin extract exposure to B6C3F1 mice significantly attenuates dimethylnitrosamine-induced liver tumor induction and mortality by differentially modulating programmed and unprogrammed cell deaths. Mutation Research 579 (1-2): 81-106, 2005. (Times cited-15)

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bullet10. Ray, S.D. et al. Oxidative Stress is the Master Operator of Drug & Chemically-Induced Programmed & Unprogrammed Cell Death: Implications of Natural Antioxidants In Vivo. Biofactors, 21(1-4):223-232, 2004.  (Times cited-15)
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bullet11. Ray, S. D. Oxidative stress orchestrates both apoptosis & necrosis in vivo: A new perspective from molecular toxicology. Proc. Of the Meeting of the Soc. Free Rad. Res, Ed. D. Galaris, Pp. 45-53, 2004.  (Times cited-10)
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bullet12. Bagchi, D., Sen, C.K., Ray, S.D., Das, D.K., Bagchi, M., Preuss, H.G. and Vinson, J.A. Molecular mechanisms of cardioprotection by a novel grape seed proanthocyanidin extract. Mutatation Research 523-524:87-97, 2003. (Times cited: 113)
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bullet13. Bagchi, D., Ray, S.D., Bagchi M, Preuss HG, and Stohs, S. Mechanistic pathways of antioxidant cytoprotection by a novel IH636 grape seed proanthocyanidin extract. Indian J. Exp. Biol. 40(6):717-726, 2002.  (Times cited-9)
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bullet14. Bagchi, D., Bagchi, M., Stohs, S., Ray, S.D., Sen, C.K. and Preuss, H.G. Cellular protection with proanthocyanidins derived from grape seeds. Ann New York Acad Sciences 957:260-70; 2002.  (Times cited:100)
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bullet15. Ray, S.D., Balasubramanian, G., Reddy, C.S. and Bagchi, D. Ca2+-Calmodulin Antagonist Chlorpromazine and Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase Modulators 4-Aminobenzamide and Nicotinamide Influence Hepatic Expression of Bcl-XL and P53 and Protect against acetaminophen-induced programmed and unprogrammed cell death in mice. Free Radical Biology & Medicine, 31: 277-291, 2001. (Times cited: 26)
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bullet16. Hickey, E. J., Raje, R. R., Reid, V. E., S. M. Gross, and Ray, S. D. Diclofenac-Induced in vivo nephrotoxicity may involve oxidative stress mediated massive genomic DNA fragmentation and apoptotic cell death. Free Radical Biology & Medicine, 139-152, 2001. (Times cited: 37)
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bullet17. Ray, S. D., Parikh, H., Hickey, E., Bagchi, M., and Bagchi, D: Differential effects of IH636 grape seed proanthocyanidin extract and a DNA repair modulator 4-aminobenzamide on liver microsomal CYP-4502E1 dependent aniline hydroxylation. Molecular & Cellular Biochemistry 218: 27-33, 2001. (Times cited: 15)
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bullet18. Bagchi, M., Balmoori, J., Ye, X., Ray, S. D. and Stohs, S. J. Protective effect of melatonin on naphthalene-induced oxidative stress and DNA damage in cultures macrophage J774A.1 cells. Molecular & Cellular Biochemistry, 221: 49-55, 2001. (Times cited-9)
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bullet19. Ray, S.D, Bagchi, D., Lim, P.M., Bagchi, M., Gross, S.M., Kothari, S.C., Preuss, H.G., Stohs, SJ. Acute and long-term safety evaluation of a novel IH636 grape seed proanthocyanidin extract. Res Commun Mol Pathol Pharmacol. 109(3- 4):165-97, 2001.  (Times cited-31)
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bullet20. Ray, S. D. and Jena, N. A hepatotoxic dose of acetaminophen modulates expression of bcl-2, bcl-XL, and bcl-Xs during apoptotic and necrotic death of mouse liver cells in vivo. Arch. Toxicol. 73: 594-606, 2000. (Times cited: 44)
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bullet21. Ray, S. D., Patel, D., Wong, V., Rinkovsky, A., Bagchi, M., Raje, R. R. and Bagchi, D. Unique organoprotective properties of a novel a novel IH636 grape seed proanthocyanidin extract on cadmium chloride-induced nephrotoxicity, dimethylnitrosamine-induced spleenotoxicity, and mocap-induced neurotoxicity in mice. Res. Commu. Mol. Pathol. & Pharmacol., 107: 105-128, 2000.  (Times cited-10)
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bullet22. Ray, S. D., Patel, D., Wong, V. and Bagchi, D. In vivo protection of DNA damage associated apoptotic and necrotic cell deaths during acetaminophen-induced nephrotoxicity, amiodarone-induced lung toxicity and doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity by a novel IH636 grape seed proanthocyanidin extract. Res. Commu. Mol. Pathol. & Pharmacol., 107: 137-166, 2000. (Times cited: 32)
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bullet23. Bagchi, D., Ray, S. D., Patel, D. and Bagchi, M.  Protection against drug- and chemically-induced multiorgan toxicity by a novel IH636 grape seed proanthocyanidin extract. Drugs Exptl. Clin. Res. 27: 3-15, 2000. (Times cited: 20)
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bullet24. Bagchi, D ., Bagchi, M., Stohs, S., Das, D. K., Ray, S. D., Kuszynski, C. A., Joshi, S. and Preuss, H. G. Free radicals and grape seed proanthocyanidin extract: importance in human health and disease prevention. Toxicology 148: 187-197, 2000. (Times cited: 305)
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bullet25. Ray, S.D., Kumar, A. and Bagchi, D. A novel proanthocyanidin IH636 extract increases in vivo bcl-XL expression and prevents acetaminophen-induced programmed and unprogrammed cell death in mouse liver. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 369: 42-58, 1999. (Times cited: 50)
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bullet26. Babar, A., Ray, S. D., Patel, N. K., Plakoginnis, F. M. and Goginani, P. In Vitro release and diffusion studies of promethazine-HCl from polymeric dermatological bases using cellular membrane and hairless mouse skin. Drug Delivery and Industrial Pharamcy 25:235-240, 1999.  (Times cited: 5)
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bullet27. Bagchi, M., Balmoori, J., Bagchi, D., Ray, S. D., Kuszynski, C. and Stohs, S. Smokeless tobacco, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and antioxidants in human oral keratinocytes. Free Radi. Biol. and Med. 26:992-1000, 1999. (Times cited: 58)
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bullet28. Bagchi, D., Vuchetich, P. J., Bagchi, M., Tran, M. X., Krohn, R. L., Ray, S. D. and Stohs, S. J. Protective effects of Zinc salts on TPA-induced hepatic and brain lipid peroxidation, glutathione depletion, DNA damage, and peritoneal macrophage activation in mice. General Pharmacology 30: 43-50, 1998.(Times cited: 30)
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bullet29. Bagchi, D., Tran, M. X., Newton, S., Bagchi, M., Ray, S. D., Kuszynski, C. A. and Stohs, S. J. Chromium and cadmium induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in cultured J774.1 macrophage cells. In Vitro and Molecular Toxicology 11: 171-181, 1998. (Times cited: 15)
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bullet30. Bagchi, D., Carryl, O. R., Tran, M. X., Bagchi, M., Vuchetich, P. J., Krohn, R. L., Ray, S. D. and Stohs, S. J. Protection against chemically-induced oxidative gastrointestinal tissue injury in rats by bismuth salts. Digestive Diseases Scs 42: 1890-1900, 1997.  (Times cited: 10)
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bullet31. Fariss, M. W., Lippman, H. R., Mumaw, V. R. and Ray, S. D. Cholesteryl hemisuccinate treatment protects rodents from the toxic effects of acetaminophen, adriamycin, carbontetrachloride, chloroform and galactosamine. Toxicology Letters 90: 133-144, 1997.  (Times cited-5)
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bullet32. Ray, S. D., Mumaw, V. R., Raje, R. R. and Fariss, M. W. Protection of acetaminophen-induced hepatocellular apoptosis and necrosis by cholesteryl hemisuccinate pretreatments. J. Pharm. Exp. Thera. 279: 1470-1483, 1996. (Times cited: 92)
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bullet33. Ray, S. D. and Fariss, M. W. Role of Cellular Energy status in tocopheryl hemisuccinate cytoprotection against Ethyl methane sulfonate-induced toxicity. Archives of Biochem. and Biophys. 311: 180-190, 1994. (Times cited: 27)
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bullet34. Fariss, M., Jhonson, S., Walton, L. P., Mumaw, V. and Ray, S. D. Tetrahydroaminoacridine-induced ribosomal changes and inhibition of protein synthesis in rat hepatocyte suspensions. Hepatology 20:240 - 246, 1994. (Times cited: 14)
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bullet35. Ray, S. D., Kamendulis,L, Gurule, M, Yorkin, R. and Corcoran, G.B. Ca2+ antagonists inhibit DNA fragmentation and toxic cell death induced by acetaminophen. FASEB Journal, Vol 7: 453-463. 1993. (Times cited: 135)
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bullet36. Kraner, J.C., Lasker, J., Corcoran, G.B., Ray, S. D. and Raucy, J.L. Elevation of P-450IIE1 by acetone in isolated rabbit hepatocytes may involve de novo m-RNA synthesis. Biochem. Pharmacol. 45 : 1483-1492, 1993. (Times cited: 19)
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bullet37. Burchiel, S.W., Davis, D., Ray, S. D. and Barton, S. DMBA induces programmed cell death (Apoptosis) in the A20.1 murine B-cell lymphoma. Fund. Appl. Toxicol. 21: 120-124, 1993. (Times cited-40)
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bullet38. Corcoran, G.B. and Ray, S. D. The role of the nucleus and other hepatocellular compartments in acute cell death produced by alkylating hepatotoxins: Contemporary Issues In Toxicology. Toxicol. Appl. Pharm. 113: 167-183, 1992. (Times cited: 27)
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bullet39. Ray, S.D., Sorge, C.L., Kamendulis, L. and Corcoran, G.B. Role of Ca2+-activated DNA fragmentation in DMN-induced hepatic necrosis: Effects of Ca2+ -endonuclease and poly (ADP-Ribose) polymerase inhibitors in mice. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Therapeu. 263: 387 - 394, 1992. (Times cited: 42)
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bullet40. Shen, W., Kamendulis, L., Ray, S. D. and Corcoran, G.B. Acetaminophen-induced cytotoxicity in cultured mouse hepatocytes: Effects of endonuclease, DNA repair and glutathione depletion inhibitors on DNA fragmentation and cell death. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 112: 32 - 40, 1992.  (Times cited: 31)
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bullet41. Burchiel, S.W., Davies, D., Ray, S. D., Thilsted, J.P. and Corcoran, G.B. DMBA-induced cytotoxicity in lymphoid and non lymphoid organs of B6C3F1 mice: Relation to cell death to intracellular calcium and DNA damage. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 113:126-132, 1992. (Times cited: 21)
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bullet42. Ray, S. D., Sorge, C.L., Tavacoli, A., Raucy, J.L. and Corcoran, G.B. Extensive alteration of genomic DNA and rise in nuclear Ca2+ in vivo early after hepatotoxic acetaminophen overdose in mice. In Biological Reactive Intermediates IV. Molecular & Cellular Effects and their impact on Human Health. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 238: 699 - 705, 1991. [Drug Metab. Dispos.: Special Editorial Citation]. (Times cited: 15)
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bullet43. Shen, W., Kamendulis, L., Ray, S. D. and Corcoran, G.B. Acetaminophen-induced cytotoxicity in cultured mouse hepatocytes: Correlation of nuclear Ca2+ accumulation and DNA fragmentation cell death. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 111: 242-254, 1991. (Times cited: 57)
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bullet44. Mehendale, H.M., Ray, S. D. and Cai, Z. Paradoxical toxicity of CCl4 in isolated hepatocytes from chlordecone, phenobarbital and mirex treated rats. In Vitro Toxicol. 4: 187 – 196, 1991. (Times cited: 5)
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bullet45. Ray, S. D., Sorge, C.L., Raucy, J.L. and Corcoran, G.B. Early loss of large genom DNA in vivo with accumulation of Ca2+ in the nucleus during acetaminophen induced liver injury. Tox. Appl. Pharm. 106: 346 - 51, 1990. (Times cited: 45)
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bullet46. Ray, S. D. and Mehendale, H. M. Potentiation of CCl4 and CHCl3 hepatotoxicity and lethality by various alcohols. Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. 15: 429 - 440, 1990. (Times cited: 18)
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bullet47. Mehendale, H.M. and Ray, S.D. Inhibition of cell division in hepatoma cell cultures by chlordecone and carbon tetrachloride combination. Toxicology in Vitro 4: 179 -183, 1990.  (Times cited: 16)
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bullet48. Esterline, R., Ray, S. D. and Ji, S. Reversible and Irreversible inhibition of hepatic mitochondrial respiration by acetaminophen and its toxic metabolite, N-acetyl-p-benzoquinoneimine (NAPQI). Biochemical. Pharmacol. 38: 2387-2390, 1989. (Times cited: 35)
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bullet49. Ji, S., Ray, S. D. and Esterline, R. Intracellular Dissipative Structures (IDS) as ultimate targets of chemical cytotoxicity. pp. 871-889 In Biological Reactive Intermediates III. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 197: 871- 889, 1986.  (Times cited: 5)
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bullet50. Ray, S. D. Part-I: GA, ABA, Phenol Interaction in the control of growth: Phenolic compounds as effective modulators of GA-ABA interaction in radish seedlings. Biologia Plantarum (Checzk) 28: 361- 369, 1986.  (Times cited: 10)
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bullet51. Ray, S. D. and Laloraya, M. M. Interaction of gibberellic acid, abscisic acid, and phenolic compounds in the control hypocotyl growth of Amaranthus caudatus seedlings. Canadian J. Bot.., 62: 2047- 2052, 1984.  (Times cited: 11)
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bullet52. Pawar, M.S., Ray, S. D. and Laloraya, M.M. Antagonistic action of phenolic compounds on abscisic acid-induced inhibition of seed germination. Beitr. Biol. Pflanzen. (W. Germ) 60: 15 - 21, 1984.(Times cited: 6)
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bullet53. Ray, S. D., Guru, K.N. and Laloraya, M.M. Reversal of abscisic acid-induced betacyanin systhesis by phenolic compounds in Amaranthus caudatus seedlings. Physiol. Plant. (Copenhagen) 58: 175 - 178, 1983.(Times cited: 9)
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bullet54. Ray, S. D., Guru, K.N. and Laloraya, M.M. Antagonistic action of phenolic compounds on Abscisic acid induced inhibition of hypocotyl growth. J. Exp. Bot. (London) 31(125): 1651- 1656, 1980.(Times cited: 11)
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bullet55. Pal, S., Arora, B., Chhutani, P.N., Choudury, S. and Ray, S. D. Rabies virus infection in a flying fox bat, Pteropus poliocephalus. Trop. Geogr. Med. (US) 32: 265 -267, 1980.  (Times cited: 10)

MOLECULAR TOXICOLOGY LABORATORY

 

PRESENTATIONS AT THE NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL MEETINGS

(invited speaker, symposium speaker, podium and poster etc.)

2007

Ray, S. D., Bulku, E., Zinkovsky, D., Parmar, M., Zinkovsky, D., Syed, I., Patel, C., Bhatt, S., Hackman, R. M. and Stohs, S. J. Dietary supplement Thermoplus® reduces the level of oxidative stress and stabilizes the genomic integrity in the liver and kidneys of Fisher 344 rats. Journal of the American Coll. of Nutrition, Vol. 26 (5): Pp. 497 (Abst # 72 ), 2007. [American College of Nutrition Annual meeting held in Orlando, FL, Sept 27-30, 2007]

Bulku, E., Rathod, J., Ismail, S., Parmar, M. and Ray, S. D. Antiapoptotic and Antinecrotic Properties of Bioflavonoids Curcumin and Rutin. Am. J. of Pharma. Edu. 71 (3) Article 60, 2007. [AACP Annual meeting held in Orlando, FL]

Rathod, J., Ismail, S., Parmar, M. and Ray, S. D. Modulation of matrix metallo proteases (MMPs) and MDM2 during acute dimethylnitrosamine (DMN)-induced nephrotoxicity in mice. The FASEB Journal. 21:730.2, 2007. [Exptl. Biology 2007 meeting held at the Washington DC; ASPET best poster award competition]

Ismail, S., Rathod, J., Parmar, M. and Ray, S. D. Modulation of expression of matrix metallo proteinases (MMPs -9, -10, & -12) during dimetyl nitrosamine (DMN)-induced liver cell death. Society of Toxicology meetings, Charlotte, NC, The oxicologist, Vol 96(1): 158 (Abst#769), 2007. [Society of Toxicology meetings, Charlotte, NC]

Ray, S. D., Parmar, M., Zinkovsky, D., Syed, I., Rathod, J., Shah, K., Hackman, R. M. and Stohs, S. J.  Eight weeks exposure effects of a novel dietary supplement- thermoplus on serum biochemistry and histopathology of vital target organs of fisher rats. The Toxicologist, Vol 96(1): 298 (Abst#1442), 2007 [Society of Toxicology meetings, Charlotte, NC]

 2006

S. D. Ray. “How Antitoxic and Anticancer signals Maneuver Programmed and Unprogrammed Cell Death In Vivo? Proceedings of the Apoptosis Congress, Editor: Marc Diderich, Luxembourg, 2006.

 S. D. Ray, N. Patel, N. Shah, A. Nagori, A. Nqvi, and S. J. Stohs.  Long-term exposure effects of a novel phytochemical-nutraceutical mixture (metabolic nutrition system-platinum) on serum biochemistry and histopathology of seven vital target organs of B6C3F1 mice. The Toxicologist, Vol. 90, Abst# 497, 2006. [Society of Toxicology meetings, San Diego, CA].

N. Patel and S. D. Ray.  Silymarin pre-exposure modulates oxidative stress and bcl-xl expression in the liver and prevents doxorubicin-induced apoptotic and necrotic cell deaths. The Toxicologist, Vol. 90, Abst# 1979, 2006. [Society of Toxicology meetings, San Diego, CA].

E. Bulku, D. Zinkovsky, N. Patel and S. D. Ray.  Curcumin pre-exposure in vivo prevents acetaminophen-induced apoptotic and necrotic cell deaths in the liver. FASEB JOURNAL 20 (5): A1144-A1144, Part 2, Mar 7, 2006. [Experimental Biology meetings, San Francisco, CA]

Elida Bulku, Jasmine Rathod, Ismail Syed, Daniel Zinkovsky, and S. D. Ray.  Exposure to curcumin and citrus bioflavonoids prevent acetaminophen-induced programmed and unprogrammed cell deaths in the liver. Proceedings of the Gordon Research Conference, Meeting held at the Bryant University, Smithfield, VT; July 31st thru August 4, 2006.

2005

Ray, S. D., S. Stohs and G. B.. Corcoran. Activation of endonuclease, or caspase-activated DNAse (CAD), as a marker of apoptosis rather than necrosis in drug- or chemical-induced oncosis in vivo. The Toxicologist, Vol. 64, Abst# 2301, 2005.

Ray, S. D., A. Nagori; A. Naqvi; N. Shah, N. Patel and S. Stohs.  Four week exposure to a novel nutritional mixture containing a series of polyphenolic phytochemicals antagonizes acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in vivo. The Toxicologist, Vol. 64, Abst# 1410, 2005.

Ray, S. D., Hackman, R. M. and Stohs, S. J. Exposure to an ephedra and caffeine containing metabolic nutrition system for 8 months does not alter organ histopathology or serum chemistry of B6C3F1 mice. Journal of the American Coll. of Nutrition (Proceedings of ACN meeting, 2003).

 2004

Patel, C. P., Raje, R. and Ray, S. D. Acute ethanol pre-exposure sensitizes liver and kidneys to furosemide-induced apoptotic and necrotic cell deaths by selectively influencing oxidative stress and genomic DNA fragmentation in vivo. The Toxicologist Vol. 73, S-1, 2004.

Phadke, S., Patel, C. and Ray, S. D. Liver cell death after acetaminophen (AP) overdose: apoptosis or oncotic necrosis? Toxicological Sciences Vol. 73, S-1, 2004.

Ray, S. D., R. Hackman and S. Stohs.  Exposure for one year to a metabolic nutrition system containing ephedra and caffeine does not alter serum chemistry profile or target organ histopathology of B6C3F1 mice.  Toxicological Sciences Vol. 73, S-1, 2004.

Ray, S. D. Antitoxic properties of polyphenolic phytochemicals in vivo. Symposium Speaker, Worldnutra Congress, San Francisco, CA. Proc. Of Worldnutra Congress, 2004. [Invited Speaker]

Ray, S. D. Molecular regulation of antiapoptotic and antinecrotic pathways by citrus bioflavonoids.  AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 228: U71-U71 132-AGFD, Part 1, AUG 22, 2004. [Invited Speaker]

2003

Ray, S. D. Drug and Chemically Induced Free Radical-Mediated Patterns of Target Organ Cell Death In Vivo. Proc. Soc. of Free Radical Research, Seoul, South Korea, 2003.

Ray, S. D. Oxidative stress is the master operator of drug and chemically-induced programmed and unprogrammed cell death: Implications of natural antioxidants in vivo. Int. Congress on Food factors, Tokyo, 2003.

Ray, S. D. Oxidative stress orchestrates both apoptosis & necrosis in vivo: A new perspective from molecular toxicology. Free Rad. Res. Vol. 37, (suppl.), pp. 29, 2003.

Ray, S. D., S. Gross, A. Chou, C. Brucculeri, D. Bagchi and S. Stohs. Mechanisms of Cell Death after Acetaminophen overdose: Apoptosis or Oncotic Necrosis? Experimental Biology-2003; Late Breaking Abst. session, San Diego, CA.

Phadke, S., Raje, R. R. and Ray, S. D. Acute ethanol (EtOH) exposure in vivo potentiates acetaminophen (AAP)-induced hepatocellular apoptosis by modulating oxidative stress and expression of bcl-XL and p53 genes in the liver. The Toxicologist 72(1): 361 (#1752), 2003. [*Phadke: SOT National award winner]

Stohs, S., Gross, S., Patel, C., Hackman, R. and Ray, S. D. In vivo exposure to an ephedra containing metabolic nutrition system does not alter serum biochemistry and histopathology of seven vital target organs of B6C3F1 mice. The Toxicologist 72(1): 255 (#1243), 2003.

2002

Rotollo, J. A. and Ray, S. D. Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced hyperglycemia differentially modulates acetaminophen (AAP)-induced hepatic expression of cytokine levels and apoptotic cell death. Toxicological Scs. 60(1): 377, 2002. [* J. Rotollo: SOT National award winner]

Ray, S. D. et al. Reversal of acetaminophen (AAP) and thioacetamide (TAM)-induced Caspase-Activated DNAse (CAD) and oxidative stress-mediated apoptotic and necrotic liver cell deaths by momordica charantia fruits extracts (bioflavonoids). Toxicological Scs. 60(1): 377, 2002.

2001

Ray, S. D., Lee, H. Y., Khantsis, I., Markovics, E., Phadke, S., Mohammad, S. and R. R. Raje. Alloxan and streptozotocin-induced diabetes potentiates furosemide-induced liver-injury and liver cell apoptosis in vivo. Toxicological Scs. 60(1): 377, 2001.

Ray, S. D., Parikh, H., Ali, S. and Bagchi, D. IH636 Grape Seed Proanthocyanidin Extract (GSPE) exposure significantly attenuates dimethylnitrosamine-induced liver cancer and mortality in ICR mice.  Proc. Am. Assoc. Can. Res. 41(1): 460 (#2928), 2000. [H.Parikh received Award; InterHealth National Press Release]

2000

Ray, S. D., Balasubramanian, G., Raje, R. R., Reid, V. E., Reddy, C.S. and Bagchi, D.  Doxorubicin-induced hepatotoxicity may involve apoptotic cell death by modulating expression of bcl-XL and p53.  Toxicological Scs. 4(1):100 (#530), 2000. [G. Bala received SOT National Travel Award]

Parikh, H., Bagchi, D. and Ray, S. D. Effects of long term chronic exposure of IH636 novel grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) on multiple target organs in mice. The FASEB J. 14(8): A1560, 2000.

Bagchi, D., Hickey, E., Parikh, H. and Ray, S. D.  In Vivo IH636 Grape Seed Proanthocyanidin Extract (GSPE) exposure inhibits mouse liver microsomal CYP4502E1-dependent aniline hydroxylation in vitro. Toxicological Scs. 4(1):100 (#468), 2000.

Hickey, E. J., Reid, V. E., Raje, R. R. and Ray, S. D.  Diclofenac-induced nephrotoxicity may involve oxidative stress and massive genomic DNA fragmentation in vivo.  Toxicological Scs. 4(1):118 (#556), 2000. [Hickey received SOT National Travel Award; Long Island University Press Release]

Raje, R. R., Hickey, E. J., Reid, V. E. and Ray, S. D.  Salicylic acid and chloroform-induced nephrotoxicities may involve genomic DNA fragmentation and cell death by apoptosis.  Toxicological Scs. 4(1):118 (#556), 2000.

Ray, S. D., Hickey, E. and Bagchi, D.  A novel Grape Seed Proanthocyanidin Extract (GSPE) protects multiple target organ toxicities induced by amiodarone (Lung), dimethylnitrosamine (Spleen), CdCl2 (Kidney) and MOCAP (Brain).  FASEB J. 13(4): A187, 2000.

1999

Hickey, E., Parikh, H., Bagchi, D. and Ray, S. D. IH636 Grape Seed Proanthocyanidin Extract inhibits cytochrome P450-IIE1 dependent aniline hydroxylation in induced and uninduced rat liver microsomes.  J. Am. Coll. Nutr. 18(5): 533 (#50), 1999.

Ray, S. D., Balasubramanian, G., Khander, A., Reddy, C.  and Bagchi, D.  Poly (ADP-Ribose) polymerase modulators 4-aminobenzamide (AB) and nicotinamide (NICO) protect against acetaminophen (AAP)-induced hepatotoxicity in mice by influencing expression of bcl-XL and p53. Toxicological Scs. 48(1S): 91 (#425), 1999.

1998

Wong, V., Fu, K., Kohanchi, B., Bagchi, D and Ray, S. D. Antioxidant grape seed extract (GSPE) and a DNA repair modulator 3-aminobenzamide (3-AB) protects doxorubicin (DOX)-induced cardiotoxicity in vivo.  Toxicological Scs. 48(1S): 156 (#731), 1998. [V. Wong: Received E.Merck/W.Virnia Univ. Undergrad Pharm. award]

Ray, S. D., Patel, D., Wong, V., Fu, K., Rinkovsky, A. and Bagchi, D. Effect of a novel IH636 grape seed proanthocyanidin extract on acetaminophen-induced nephrotoxicity.  39th Annual Meeting of the American College of Nutrition [INVITED PRESENTATION], 1998.

Ray, S. D., Kumar, M. A. and Bagchi, D. In Vivo  abrogation of acetaminophen-induced hepatic genomic DNA fragmentation and apoptotic cell death by a novel grape seed proanthocyanidin extract GSPE.   The FASEB J.  12(5), Pp. A779 #4516, 1998. [*Above minisymposium presentation was chosen by FASEB National Program Committee for Press release]

Ray, S. D. Modulation of expression of Bcl-2, Bcl-XL and Bcl-XS during acetaminophen induced hepatocellular apoptosis, 1998.  Toxicological Scs.  42 (1S), Pp.190.

1997

Strika, S.1, Dobrogowska, A2, Khander, A. and Ray, S. D. Furosemide induces apoptosis in the liver and kidneys in vivo. The Toxicological Scs. 42(1S), Pp 357, 1997. [1&2: Received E.Merck/W.Virnia Univ. Undergrad Pharm. award]

Ray, S. D. Does ethanol potentiate acetaminophen-induced hepatocellular apoptosis? Fund. Appl. Toxicol. 36 (1), Pp. 247, 1997.

Manolas, T., Wattamwar, A. and Ray, S. D. Induction of hepatocellular apoptosis by  various alcohols in normal and Spontaneously Hypertensive-Stroke Prone  rats. Fund. Appl. Toxicol. (The Toxicologist) 36 (1), Pp. 247, 1997. [T. Manolas received E.Merck/W.Virnia Univ. Undergrad award winner]

1996

Ray, S. D. Munoz, R., and Kraner, J. C. 3-Aminobenzamide, a modulator of apoptosis and necrosis induced by acetaminophen does not interfere woth p450IIE1 activity in vivo or in vitro.  Fund. Appl. Toxicol.  30 (1), Pp. 71, 1996.

Dhruva, D., Sharma, S., Shleyfer, L., Raje, R. R. and Ray, S. D. Acetaminophen induced hepatocellular apoptosis in vivo: Role of Ca2+ -activated nitric oxide pathway in the absence of bcl-2 expression. Fund. Appl. Toxicol. 30 (1), Pp. 165, 1996.  [Dhruva : SOT Travel Award winner]

Dhruva, D. and Ray, S. D. Role of nitric oxide in acetaminophen-induced apoptosis and necrosis and its modulation by 3-aminobenzamide.  J. Clinical Toxicology 34(5), Pp 575, 1996.  [*Above work received American Academy of Clinical Toxicol. National Res. Award]

Tran, M., Stohs, S., Newton, S., Bagchi, D., Tang, L. and Ray, S. D. Cadmium and chromium induced oxidative stress and programmed cell death in cultured J774A.1 macrophage cells. Fund. Appl. Toxicol. 30 (1), Pp. 167, 1995.

1995

Ray, S. D. and R. R. Raje.  Acetaminophen-induced hepatocellular apoptosis in vivo shows signs of loss of mitochondrial volume regulation. Fund. Appl. Toxicol. (The Toxicologist) 15 (1): Pp. 133, 1995.

*Yahya, S. M., Ray, S. D. and Raje, R. R. Abrogation of acetaminophen induced hepato- and nephrotoxicity by 3-aminobenzamide, A DNA repair modulator. Fund. Appl. Toxicol. (The Toxicologist) 15 (1): Pp. 133, 1995. [*SOT Award winner]

1994

Ray, S. D., Mumaw, V.R., Lippman, R., Fraiss, M.W.  Acetaminophen-induced apoptosis and necrosis: In Vivo protection by cholesteryl hemisuccinate pretreatment. The Toxicologist  15 (1), Pp. 187, 1994.

Mumaw, V.R., Ray, S. D., and Corcoran, G.B.  Dimethylnitrosamine-induced DNA fragmentation and